Transition metal picrates

PIKRINSAEURE (German) (88-89-1) Flammable solid (flash point 302°F/150°C). Anhydrous material highly unstable and heat-, friction-, and impact-sensitive explosive (explodes at approximately 572°F/300°C). The presence of trace metals increases its sensitivity to explosion. Reaction with nitric acid, alkalis, heavy metals, copper, lead, zinc, transition metals, and other metals or their salts can produce other salts, known as picrates, that are initiators which are much more highly sensitive to heat, impact, or shock than this material. Mixtures with perchlorates form extremely powerful, high-velocity explosives. Shock-sensitive salts include ammonium salts and calcium salts the calcium salt may be produced... 

TABLE II. Extraction (%) of alkali metal, transition metal, and lanthanoid picrates in CH2Cl2 ... 

Fig. 4. Extraction (%) of transition metal picrates by ionophore 3 in CH2CI2. Extraction conditions 2.5 x lO-" M of ionophore in CH2CI2 5.0 x 10 M of picric acid in 0.1 M of metallic nitrate at 25° C. Ionophore solution (5.0 mL) was shaken for 2 h with picrate solution (5.0 mL) and % extraction was measured by the absorbance of picrate in CH2CI2. Experimental error was 2%.

The extraction percentages of metal picrates into dichloromethane with 17a-17c for alkali metal cations (Na, and Cs ) and transition metal cations (Cu ", Co ", Cd ", Ni ", Hg O and Pb " were from 60 to 95 %. It was observed that extraction ratio of metal cations with 17a polymer has enhanced remarkably as compared to its monomer. Polymers 17b and 17c exhibited a different extraction behavior as compared to their monomers. 

The results substantiate earlier observations for the liquid-liquid phase transition of Na + NH3. This system shows a transition to metallic states in concentrated solutions but in dilute solutions and near criticality, ionic states prevail [98], and the gross phase behavior seems to be in accordance with a Coulombic transition [37]. Crossover was found at f — 10-2 [46], and it seems to be much more abrupt than in the picrate systems. However, much depends on the subtle details of the data evaluation. Das and Greer [99] could smoothly represent the data by a Wegner series. 

Picrates, especially salts of transition and heavy metals, such as nickel, lead, mercury, copper, and zinc picric acid is explosive but is less sensitive to shock or friction than its metal salts, and is relatively safe as a water wet paste Polynitroalkyl compounds, such as tetranitromethane and dinitroacetonitrile Polynitroaromatic compounds, especially polynitrohydrocarbons, phenols, and amines... 

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