Phytosterols parameters

The unsaponifiable matter of soy, corn, canola/rapeseed, sunflower, cottonseed, peanut, and palm ranges from 10-30%, and it is composed of 40% phytosterols and 15% tocopherols (199-202). The temperature, duration, quantity of skimming vapor, and the extent of vacuum used for deodorization are the parameters that greatly influence the quality and quantity of DOD. The low content of tocopherols and sterols in the DOD often requires a concentration step however, if the starting material is soybean, this is not an issue because of the high concentration of these compounds. 

POLLEN The active ingredients are believed to be short-chain peptides, phytosterols and glycopeptides but their exact identity has not been confirmed. By incubation of prostatic-carcinoma-cell cultures with pollen, a diminished cell proliferation has been observed. In a multicentre, double-blind study all relevant parameters showed significant improvements after administration of pollen extract. 

Table 12. Effects of phytosterols dissolved in DAG or TAG on serum lipid parameters in human volunteers ...

The concentration of sterols, di- and triglycerides in the extract fractions was lower than the respective feed concentrations under all of the investigated operating parameters the distribution of other components was affected by fractionation time, temperature and pressure. The volatiles were enriched up to a factor of 6.3, but the decrease in volatile concentration with time resulted in concentrations lower than the feed values in the latter fractions. The free fatty acids were enriched in the latter fractions relative to their concentration in the feed. Semi-continuous processing of the deodorizer distillate at 25 MPa and 70-100°C yielded a residue containing 40% sterols and this study highlights the value of using the canola deodorizer distillate as a source for the extractiou of phytosterols. 

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