Phytoestrogens estrogen receptor actions

Another possibility deserving consideration is that some of the phytoestrogen effects may be attributable to properties that do not involve estrogen receptors, such as effects on enzymes, protein synthesis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, calcium transport, Na /K adenosine triphosphatase, growth factor action, vascular smooth muscle cells, lipid oxidation, and cell differentiation. Some of these properties will be further discussed. 

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