Physostigmine chemical structure

FIGURE 27.3 Chemical structures of physostigmine, galanthamine, and codeine. 

FIGURE 5.1 Chemical structures of carbamates pyridostigmine, physostigmine, and neostigmine. 

Pyridostigmine is one of a class of neuroactive compounds called carbamates. Its chemical structure and that of a related carbamate, physostigmine, are shown below. Like the nerve agents, carbamates inhibit the enzymatic activity of AChE. As a quaternary amine, pyridostigmine is ionized under normal physiological conditions and penetrates poorly into the central nervous system... 

Fig. 9.4 Chemical structures of tacrine (a) donepezil (b) rivastigmine (c) galantamine (d) huperzine (e) and physostigmine (f)...

Synthetic parasympathetic nerve stimulants, such as neostigmine, are designed based on the chemical structure of physostigmine [5]. 

Julian, P.L., PM, J., Boggess, D. (1934) Studies in the Indole Series. II. The Alkylation of 1-Methyl-3-formyloxindole and a Synthesis ofthe Basic Ring Structure of Physostigmine. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 56, 1797-1801. 

Fig. 9. Redox mode detection mechanism for physostigmine. Electrode potentials versus Pd ki and k2 represent chemical reaction rates. Detection system from Hurst and Whelpton (1989), structures from Isaksson and Kissinger (1987)...

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