Physical properties of CO2 hydrates

CO2 hydrates are snow-like substance which can exist below 283 K at a wide range of pressures. Because CO2 sequestration into the deep ocean has become a hot potential approach to dispose of CO2, the physical properties of CO2 hydrates are important to the feasibility study and modeling of CO2 deposition. For example, the density of CO2 hydrates is needed to determine whether they sink or float at certain depths of the ocean, which is a major problem when modeling the CO2 dispersion. This section details the mechanical, thermal, and other physical properties of CO2 

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This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and applications of CO2 hydrates. Section 10.2 focuses on the microscopic perspective, looking into how gas hydrates form, the three structures of gas hydrates, and the characteristics of CO2 hydrates. From there onwards, the text focuses specifically on CO2 hydrates. The physical properties of CO2 hydrates are considered in Sect. 10.3. Section 10.4 deals with the phase equihbrium of CO2 hydrate. Experimental methods and the phase diagram are showed in this section. The last section covers the applications of CO2 hydrates, including the formation and dissociation of CO2 hydrates, ocean sequestration, the CH4 replacement in hydrates by CO2, and the use of CO2 hydrates in the refrigeration process. 

CO2 hydrate is perhaps one of the best understood clathrate hydrate regarding structural, thermodynamic, as well as other physical properties. Figure 7(a) and (b) show the CO2 molecules with full symmetry in small and large cages in cubic structure I analyzed by the Rietveld refinement with the direct-space technique. In the large cage, the best... 

Uchida T (1998) Physical property measurements on CO2 clathrate hydrates. Review of crystallography, hydration number, and mechanical properties. Waste Manag 17(5) 343-352... 

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