Photosynthetic microorganisms

Present states and future directions of the use of photosynthetic microorganisms, especially microalgae, for biotransformation are discussed. 

Immobilization on solid matrix by adsorption on ion exchange material or binding via lecitin is widely used for chemotrophic bacteria [Jack, Zajic, 1977] but not reported for photosynthetic microorganisms. In these matrixes a direct contact of microorganisms with medium was possible. However, matrixes and ion exchange material for immobilization of photosynthetic microorganisms should be transparent or translucent. 

Miura, Y, Akano, T., Eukatsu, K., Miyasaka, H., Mizoguchi, T., Yagi, K., Maeda, I., Ikuta, Y, Matsumoto, H. 1995. Hydrogen production by photosynthetic microorganisms. Energy Conyers Manage 36 903-906. 

Many photosynthetic microorganisms obtain electrons for photosynthesis not from water but from donors such as H2S. 

Photosynthesis. The biosynthesis that directly harnesses the chemical energy resulting from the absorption of light. Frequently used to refer to the formation of carbohydrates from CO2 that occurs in the chloroplasts of plants or the plastids of photosynthetic microorganisms. 

Insofar as they have been studied, all herbicides that inhibit the Hill reaction of isolated chloroplasts also inhibit photosynthesis of intact plants and photosynthetic microorganisms (2, 3). Phy to toxicity is produced only in the light, and severity of symptoms is proportional to light intensity. Studies with light quality have indicated that the chlorophylls are the principal absorbing pigments involved in the production of phytotoxicity. 

Bidle KD, Falkowski PG (2004) Cell death in planktonic, photosynthetic microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol 2 643-655... 

Boichenko, V.A., Greenbaum, E., and Seibert, M. 2004. Hydrogen production by photosynthetic microorganisms, in Photoconversion of Solar Energy Molecular to Global Photosynthesis, M.D. Archer and J. Barber, eds., Imperial College Press, London, pp. 397-452. 

The pathway and kinetics of electron transfer in photochemically activated reaction centers of chloroplasts and photosynthetic microorganisms have been largely solved thanks to ultrafast lasers. The initial steps of light-activated electron transfer do not involve the breaking and making of chemical bonds unlike the great majority of chemical and biochemical reactions. To study the latter type of reactions. 

Kaplan, A., and Reinhold, L. (1999). CO2 concentrating mechanisms in photosynthetic microorganisms. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50, 539-570. 

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