Photonics stereolithography

Kirihara, S., Miyamoto, Y, and Kajiyama, K., Pabrication of ceramic-polymer photonic crystals by stereolithography and their microwave properties, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 85, 1369, 2002. 

Three-dimensional machining (or 3D photopolymerization or stereolithography) gives the possibility to make objects, even with complex forms, for prototyping applications. A laser beam is used for the excitation. Creating 3D microscale structures for microelectromechanical, microoptics and microfluidic applications requires to use high peak power laser pulses allowing a multiphoton (typically two photon) of the photoinitiator at the focal point. 

Optical fabrication processes snch as stereolithography (SLA) employ light energy for photocrosslinking the prepolymers. Different optical-based AM techniques used for various cells encapsulation are shown in Table 8.4. SLA is a typical one photon polymerization (IPP) process where an initiator absorbs a photon with a short wavelength through linear absorption [3, 97, 98]. This in turn initiates polymerization process near the surface of a photocurable polymer. Thus, IPP is a planar process... 

FDM, fused deposition modeling SLA, stereolithography pSLA, micro streolithography SLS, selective laser sintering 1PP/2PP, one/ two photon polymerization. 

Our review here is limited to systems operating in dye photosensitized radical polymerizations (DPRPs) (see Figure 1.1). Their behavior in FRPCP reactions will be only evoked as all CPs are specifically covered in another covered in Chapter 2 of this book. In the same way, the role of dyes as part of PISs in the medical area, controlled radical photopolymerization reactions, printing technologies, stereolithography, optics or dyes under two-photon excitation are also discussed in detail in other chapters of this book. 

The design of molecules that have a large TPA cross-section is an important task of stereolithography using two-photon photopolymerization. We will discuss work related to this in Sect. 3.1.3. 

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