Photolithographic operations, chemical

In the replication method, a master mold, which could be of any material, is made using either the photolithographic process or traditional micromachining processes, strong enough to resist the operating conditions of the fabrication process, and then it is used to replicate the pattern onto another softer material by direct physical contact. The choice between the two fabrication methods depends on various factors such as the size, the cost, the desired substrate, the chemical properties of the flows, the speed, the smoothness, and the required section geometry. 

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