Photoinitiators Photopolymerization

Fouassier, J.P. Photoinitiation, Photopolymerization, and Photocuring, 1995, Hanser Publishers, New York, NY. 

J.R Eouassier, Photoinitiator, Photopolymerization and Photcuring Fundamentals and Applications. 

Eouassier, J. P, Photoinitiation, Photopolymerization and Photocuring, Hanser Publishers, Munich (1995). 

Sources Fouassier, J.P., Photoinitiation, Photopolymerization and Photocuring, Hanser, Munich, 1995 Andrzejewska, E., Progr. Polym. Set 26, p. 605 (2001). 

J. -P. Fouassier Photoinitiation, Photopolymerization, and Photocuring Fundamentals and Applications, Miinchen, Hanser 1995. 

Fouassier J.-P. (1995) Photoinitiation, photopolymerization and photocuring. Hanser, Munich. 

Photopolymerization n. An addition reaction brought about by exposure of the monomer or mixture of monomers to natural or artificial light, with or without a catalyst. Methyl methacrylate, styrene, and vinyl chloride are examples of monomers that can be photopolymerized. FouassierJ-P (1995) Photoinitiation, photopolymerization and photocuring. Hanser-Gardner Publications, New York. 

Other Onium Salts and Organometallic Photoinitiators. The success of the iodonium and sulfonium salts as photoinitiators has led to the investigation of a number of analogous onium salts based on the halides and the Group VIA atoms however, these alternative initiators have not been widely used for various reasons. For example, chloronium and bromonium salts were prepared (57,58) and they were also found to function as cationic photoinitiators, but these salts are difficult to prepare and they have low thermal stability. Similarly, triarylselenon-ium salts have also been investigated and foimd to function as cationic initiators (59) however their preparation has been foimd to be expensive (60). Other onium salts such as phosphonium and arsonium salts, developed by Abu-Abdoun and co-workers for the photopolymerization ofp-methylstyrene and styrene, have also been reported (61-63) as successful cationic photoinitiators. Photopolymerization of carbazolyloxiranes with sulfonium and tropylium salts has been reported (64). Dialkylphenacyl sulfonium photoinitiator (65-67) has been reported with excellent solubility in both polar and nonpolar monomers. Pyridinium and isoquino-linium salts have also been reported and they were found useful for polymerizing both the epoxide and vinyl ether monomers (68). 

FOU 95a] Fouassier J.P., Photoinitiation, Photopolymerization, Photocuring, Hanser, Munich, 1995. 

Photochemical Catalysis n Chemical reaction stimulated by action of light. (Fouassier J-P (1995) Photoinitiation, photopolymerization and photocuring. Hanser-Gardner, New York)... 

Photopolymers These are photoinitiated and photo-crosslinked polymers e.g., photoresists, printing inks, can coatings, etc. (Fouassier J-P (1995) Photoinitiation, photopolymerization and photocuring. Hanser-Gardner, New York Printing ink manual, 5th edn. Leach RH, Pierce RJ, Hickman EP, Mackenzie MJ, Smith HG (eds). Blueprint, New York, 1993)... 

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