Polyethylene Phosphorylated

Phosphorylated Polyethylenes. Phosphoiylated PEs have higher ozone and heat resistance than ethylene propylene copolymers due to the fire retardant nature provided by phosphor. ... 

Further modification of polyethylene is possible by chemical substitution of hydrogen atoms this occurs preferentially at the tertiary carbons of a branching point and primarily involves chlorination, sulfonation, phosphorylination, and intermediate combinations. (See chlorinated polyethylene chlorosulfonated polyethylene phosphorylated polyethylene ionomer.)... 

Phosphorus-modified polymers may be achieved by the introduction of P-containing groups into the side chains by a phosphorylation reaction with a pre-formed polymer. Reaction of polyethylene or polypropylene with phosphorus trichloride and oxygen, for example, results in phosphorylation... 

Nuclear oxidative phosphorylation is difficult to quantify. Although oxygen uptake in the nucleus can be measured, no exact P/O ratio is available. This is because only the AMP already present in the nuclear preparation can be converted to ATP any AMP added to the nuclei remains unaltered. An intriguing observation is the effect of DNase on the phosphorylation of AMP. (Allfrey has proposed that DNase blocks ATP synthesis in the nucleus indirectly namely, by inhibition of the nuclei by the histones, which after DNA extraction are no longer associated with DNA by salt linkages [35].) The enzymic extraction of 55% of the DNA in the nucleus leads to the loss of nuclear phosphorylation properties, which can be restored by adding DNA to the system. The effect of DNA is not specific because DNA can be replaced by RNA, polyadenylic acid, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, and polyethylene sulfate. Oxidative phosphorylation in thymus nuclear preparation has been confirmed in two laboratories. Whole body doses of ionizing radiation inhibited oxidative phosphorylation in thymus nuclei. 

Poiyoief ins. Polyethylene can be phosphorylated with phosphorus trichloride and oxygen by a free-radical chain reaction (118,149-151). Side reactions include separate oxidation of the phosphorus trichloride and of the polymer. Hydrolysis gives phosphonic acid structures, which can impart flame retardancy and improved adhesion to surfaces. These materials have been explored for dental and bone therapy applications but no commercial use is known. 

The yeast glycolysis system of Hansenula jadinii has been co-polymerized with polyethylene glycol hydroxyethylacrylate and used for the production of ATP and the subsequent phosphorylation of cytidine monophosphate. The CTP thus formed was effectively converted to CDP-choline in the same system, which operated as a kind of bioreactor. 

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