Polystyrene phosphonated methacrylate

Dausend J, Musyanovych A, Dass M, et al. (2008) Uptake mechanism of oppositely charged fluorescent nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Macromol Biosci 8 1135-1143 Ziegler A, Landfester K, Musyanovych A (2009) Synthesis of phosphonate-functionalized polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles and their kinetic behavior in miniemulsion polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1007/s00396-009-2087-z Lorenz MR, Kohnle MV, Dass M, et al. (2008) Synthesis of fluorescent polyisoprene nanoparticles and their uptake into various cells. Macromol Biosci 8 711-727... 

Ziegler A, Landfester K, Musyanovych A (2009) Synthesis of phosphonate-functionalized polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles and their kinetic behavior in miniemulsion polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 287 1261-1271... 

In our studies we found that phosphonic acids (16), phosphinic acids (25), and phosphine oxides (17) are additives capable of imparting fire retardant properties to thermoplastic polymers. Tables I and II present data for some of these compounds when added to polyethylene or to poly (methyl methacrylate). The concentration reported is not necessarily the lowest effective concentration for the additive in the polymer. These additives also were effective in other thermoplastic polymers such as polystyrene, impact polystyrene, polypropylene and ABS. The compounds were completely compatible with the polymers. 

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