Phospholipids, Sulpholipids and Glycolipids

In phospholipids, one of the glycerol hydroxyl groups is esterified with phosphorylcholine, phosphorylethanolamine or phosphorylserine. 

Ethanolamine-phosphatides exist in the following three forms  

Presumably choline-phosphatides and serine-phosphatides occur also as ether-esters, alkenylether-esters and diesters. 

Glycerol phosphorylcholine, glycerol phosphorylethanolamine and glycerol phosphorylserine, which are esterified with only a single fatty acid molecule and thus contain a free hydroxyl group, are termed lyso phosphatides . One group of phospholipids which contain no bases, are the phosphatidic acids these occur naturally, possibly as hydrolysis products of choline-, ethanolamine- and serine-phosphatides  

Phosphatidyl glycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidyl inositols also contain no bases  

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Whereas seeds often contain up to 60% fat, leaves and stems of green plants contain only about 1—5% lipids, principally phospholipids, sulpholipids and glycolipids. These compounds have to be extracted with relatively polar solvents. Since aliphatic ethers, ketones and esters... 

Table 69. Solvents for TLC of phospholipids, sulpholipids and glycolipids on silica gel...

Depending upon the chemical groups they are further subdivided into phospholipids, glycolipids, sulpholipids and lipoproteins. 

Solvents. Mixtures of chloroform and methanol containing a little water have been the principal solvents used for separations of phospholipids [128,150,163,210]. They have been combined in two-dimensional procedures with basic [1,69, 111, 186] or acidic [1, 111, 127,177] solvents. The solvents customarily employed for TLC of phospholipids can be used also for separating sulpholipids [69,210]. Glycolipids have been chromatographed with chloroform-methanol-water [73, 150, 172, 198] but especially with aqueous propanol [106, 107, 163, 199]. 

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