Glycolysis 2- phosphoglycerate

Most of the enzymes mediating the reactions of the Calvin cycle also participate in either glycolysis (Chapter 19) or the pentose phosphate pathway (Chapter 23). The aim of the Calvin scheme is to account for hexose formation from 3-phosphoglycerate. In the course of this metabolic sequence, the NADPH and ATP produced in the light reactions are consumed, as indicated earlier in Equation (22.3). 

Glycolysis Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Phosphoglycerate kinase Pyruvate kinase... 

In addition to the cofactors ATP, NADH, and NADPH, hundreds of metabolic intermediates also must be present at appropriate concentrations in the cell. For example, the glycolytic intermediates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate are precursors of tri-acylglycerols and serine, respectively. When these products are needed, the rate of glycolysis must be adjusted to provide them without reducing the glycolytic production of ATP. 

Outline the reactions by which glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate with coupled synthesis of ATP in the glycolysis pathway. Show important mechanistic details. 

Phosphoglycerate mutase, which interconverts 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis (Fig. 10-3, step c), functions by a similar mecha-... 

Phosphoenolpyruvate, a key metabolic intermediate. A compound of central importance in metabolism is the phosphate ester of the enol form of pyruvate, commonly known simply as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).249 It is formed in the glycolysis pathway by dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate (Eq. 13-15) or by decarboxylation of oxaloacetate. Serving as a preformed enol from which a reactive enolate anion can be released for condensation reactions,250 251 PEP... 

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