Phosphinate, diphenyl, complex with

Phenylurefbanes, 58, 10 Phosgene, 57, 46 Phosphine, diphenyl-, 56,45 Phosphine-mckcl catalyst, 58, 129 PHOSPHINE-NICKEL CATALYZED COMPLEX CROSS-COUPLING OF GRIG-NARD REAGENTS WITH ARYL AND ALKENYL HALIDES, 58, 127 Phosphine, phenyl-, bis(3-dimethylamino-piopyl)-, 55, 128 Phosphine, triphenyl-, 56, 81 Phosphomum, [ 4-(4-rne thoxy phenyl)-2-butenyl) triphenyl, iodide, 56, 81 Phosphomum, 2-octadecenyltnphenyl-, iodide, 56, 81... 

Biphenyl is reductively eliminated from a ruthenium diphenyl complex by simply heating the diaryl compound at 85°C. The ruthenium intermediate involved in the reductive elimination can be trapped with phosphine in quantitative yield . 

Aprotic polar solvents thus far employed in metal-catalyzed polymerizations include dimethoxybenzene (DMB), diphenyl ether (DPE), ethylene carbonate, acetonitrile, /V, /V-d imethylformamid e (DMF), and acetone, among others. Most of them are employed for copper catalysts because of their low solubility. For well-solubilized Ru(II), Ni(II), and Fe(II) complexes with phosphine or other ligands, such an additional precaution is not necessary, and toluene or other relatively nonpolar solvents have mostly been used. 

Phosphorus oxychloride, which forms stable and often insoluble complexes with Friedel-Crafts catalysts, appears not yet to have been used with success in reactions of this type. The analogous reaction of thiophosphoryl chloride has been studied in detail, but only recently 158 its use has made phenyl(thio-phosphonic) dichloride, diphenyl(thiophosphinic) chloride, and triphenyl-phosphine sulfide conveniently accessible. The dichloride is obtained in about 45% yield, together with about 33% of the monochloride, when a mixture in the molar proportions PSC13 A1C13 C6H6 = 1 2 1 is heated at 80° for 15 min the ratios 1 2 4 are most favorable for preparation of the mono-... 

Cuprous chloride tends to form water-soluble complexes with lower olefins and acts as an IPTC catalyst, e.g., in the two-phase hydrolysis of alkyl chlorides to alcohols with sodium carboxylate solution [10,151] and in the Prins reactions between 1-alkenes and aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of HCl to form 1,3-glycols [10]. Similarly, water-soluble rhodium-based catalysts (4-diphenylphosphinobenzoic acid and tri-Cs-io-alkylmethylam-monium chlorides) were used as IPTC catalysts for the hydroformylation of hexene, dodecene, and hexadecene to produce aldehydes for the fine chemicals market [152]. Palladium diphenyl(potassium sulfonatobenzyl)phosphine and its oxide complexes catalyzed the IPTC dehalogenation reactions of allyl and benzyl halides [153]. Allylic substrates such as cinnamyl ethyl carbonate and nucleophiles such as ethyl acetoactate and acetyl acetone catalyzed by a water-soluble bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium or palladium complex of sulfonated triphenylphosphine gave regio- and stereo-specific alkylation products in quantitative yields [154]. Ito et al. used a self-assembled nanocage as an IPTC catalyst for the Wacker oxidation of styrene catalyzed by (en)Pd(N03) [155]. 

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