Phosphatidic acid glycerophospholipids from

Figure 4-1. Structures of the membrane bilayer and an amphipathic phospholipid. The head group attachment, X, may be H as in phosphatidic acid or one of several substituents linked via phosphoesters in the glycerophospholipids. The nonpolar tail is depicted as composed of saturated fatty acids in this molecule. The overall length of the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acids may vary from 14 to 20.

Glycerophospholipids are formed from phosphatidic acid and an alcohol The phosphate group on phosphatidic acid (PA) can be esterified to another compound containing an alcohol group (aee... 

Phosphatidic Acid (also know as diacylglycerol-3-phosphate) is formed by esterification of glycerol-3-phosphate with two fatty acids. Phosphatidic acid is an important intermediate in synthesis of fats and glycerophospholipids. In fat synthesis, the phosphate from phosphatidic acid is removed to form 1,2-diacylglycerol and then a third fatty acid is esterified to yield 2... 

Figure 19.2 schematically depicts the primary pathways of prokaryotic and eukaryotic glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Note that the center pathway shown in purple occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Phosphatidic acid, the branch point between the synthesis of fats and other glycerophospholipids, can be made via three different pathways in eukaryotes-from glycerol-3-phosphate (Figure 19.3), from diacylglycerol (Figure 19.2), and from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) (see here). 

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