Phosphate biological variability

Fig. 5 Main contamination sources identified by PCA for sediments, fish, and suface water in the Ebro River basin, and explained variances for each principal component. Variable identification. Organic compounds in sediments 1, summatory of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) 2, summa-tory of DDTs (DDTs) 3, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 4, hexachlorobutadiene (HCBu) 5, summatory of trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) 6, naphthalene 7, fluoranthene 8, benzo(a)pyrene 9, benzo(b) fluoranthene 10, benzo(g,h,i)perylene 11, benzo(k)fluoranthene 12, indene(l,2,3-cd)pyrene. Organic compounds in fish 1, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 2, summatory of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) 3, o,p-DDD 4, o,p-DDE 5, o,p-DDT 6, p,p-DDD 7, />,/>DDE 8, />,/>DDT 9, summatory of DDTs (DDTs) 10, summatory of trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) 11, hexachlorobutadiene (HCBu) 12, fish length. Physico-chemical parameters in water 1, alkalinity 2, chlorides 3, cyanides 4, total coliforms 5, conductivity at 20°C 6, biological oxygen demand 7, chemical oxygen demand 8, fluorides 9, suspended matter 10, total ammonium 11, nitrates 12, dissolved oxygen 13, phosphates 14, sulfates 15, water temperature 16, air temperature...

The chemistry and biological activities of lipid A are reviewed in earlier chapters of this volume. As noted there, the components of the lipid A complexes from Salmonella species and j5. coli are derivatives of a disaccharide comprised of two D-glucosamine units linked B,l->-6. The disaccharide is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by phosphate functions and on the amino nitrogens by B-hydroxymyristoyl groups. A variable number (up to 5) of ester-linked fatty acyl residues is also present. In the simplest components the phosphates are present as monoester groups. 

The phosphorylation of imidazole by two activated phosphate diesters and a triester gave phosphorylimidazole derivatives (62-66), that were stable enough in aqueous solution, and were observed and identified by ESI-MS/MS and NMR. Half-lives ranging from hours to days (in the case of the monoethyl ester) showed that it was possible to design molecules with variable half-lives with a potential to be used for biological intervention experiments as possible inhibitors of biosignaling processes or as haptens for the generation of antibodies. ... 

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