Phillips, Norman

Silicophosphate cement acts as an agent for the sustained release of fluoride, although different cements behave very differently (Wilson, Crisp Lewis, 1982). Silicophosphate cement has a disability in the mouth similar to that of dental silicate cement. It is less resistant to oral fluids than glass polyalkenoate cement, but more resistant than all other dental cements, as is shown by both in vivo studies (Norman et al., 1969 Ritcher Ueno, 1975 Clark, Phillips Norman, 1977 Mitchem Gronas, 1978 ... 

It is superior to the zinc phosphate cement for bonding orthodontic bands to teeth (Clark, Phillips Norman, 1977). It has greater durability and there is less decalcification in adjacent tooth enamel. This latter beneficial effect must arise from the release of fluoride which is absorbed by the enamel, so protecting it in a clinical situation where caries-produdng debris and plaque accumulate. 

Despite the failing of the dental silicate cement under acid conditions it is more resistant to acid attack than all other dental cements with the notable exception of the glass polyalkenoate cement (Norman, Swartz Phillips, 1959 Walls, McCabe Murray, 1985 Beech Bandyopadhyay, 1983 Kuhn, Setchell Teo, 1984 Wilson et al., 1986a). These studies have been confirmed by in vivo observations (Norman et al., 1969). A clinical study carried out by Robinson (1971) over many years showed that when carefully prepared and placed, the dental silicate cement was capable of giving good performance. Many of the failures of this material must be attributed to faulty preparation. 

Norman, R. D., Swartz, M. L. Phillips, R. W. (1957). Studies on the solubility of certain dental materials. Journal of Dental Research, 36,... 

Norman F. H. Ho, Thomas J. Raub, Phillip S. Burton, Craig L. Barsuhn, Anthony Adson, Kenneth L. Audus, and Ronald T. Borchardt... 

J. Phillip Bowen and Norman L. Allinger, Molecular Mechanics The Art and... 

The measurements in the x-ray study of magnesium oxide were made by L. Grossman. The magnesium oxide was obtained from Norman Phillips, University of California. 

Norman L. Allinger and Phillip Bowen (The University of Georgia) Molecular Mechanics Parameterization of Organic Phosphites. ... 

J. Phillip Bowen (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Vikram Reddy (Center for Disease Control), Donald G. Patterson, Jr., and Norman L. Allinger (University of Georgia)... 

General-circulation models (GCMs) attempt to duplicate the distribution of wind as well as of temperature and moisture. They are usually three dimensional however, the earliest models had little resolution in the vertical for example, the pioneering model by Norman Phillips in 1956 consisted of only two layers. In the meantime, much more complete models have been developed, many requiring the fastest computers available. 

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