Phenol step-injection method

The dotted line represents the concentration of the phenol calculated mathematically using the species balance equations listed earlier. The washing out effect due to dilution is shown and correlates well with the measured bioluminescence wash out pattern. Figure 5 shows the results of TV 1061 induced with ethanol using the step injection method. Again the bioluminescence leveled off, here around a value of 3.5, and follows the wash out pattern as well. These results demonstrate the... 

SEC in combination with multidimensional liquid chromatography (LC-LC) may be used to carry out polymer/additive analysis. In this approach, the sample is dissolved before injection into the SEC system for prefractionation of the polymer fractions. High-MW components are separated from the additives. The additive fraction is collected, concentrated by evaporation, and injected to a multidimensional RPLC system consisting of two columns of different selectivity. The first column is used for sample prefractionation and cleanup, after which the additive fraction is transferred to the analytical column for the final separation. The total method (SEC, LC-LC) has been used for the analysis of the main phenolic compounds in complex pyrolysis oils with minimal sample preparation [974]. The identification is reliable because three analytical steps (SEC, RPLC and RPLC) with different selectivities are employed. The complexity of pyrolysis oils makes their analysis a demanding task, and careful sample preparation is typically required. 

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