Phenol crystal

A solution containing40.4g 5-methoxyeugenol and26.6 g benzyl chloride in 65 mL EtOH was added, all at once, to a hot and well stirred solution of 11.7 g KOH in 500 mL EtOH. The potassium salt of the phenol crystallized out immediately. By maintaining reflux conditions, this slowly redissolved, and was replacedby the steady deposition ofKCl. After 6 h, the reaction mixture was cooled, and the solids removed by filtration. The filtrate was stripped of solvent under vacuum to give 57 g of crude 5-allyl-2-benzyloxy-l,3-dimethoxybenzene. This was dissolved in a solution of 60 g KOH in 80 mL EtOH and heated on the steam bath for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched in 500 mL H,0, and extracted with 2x200 mL CH,C12. Removal of the solvent under vacuum gave 35.6 g of crude 2-benzyloxy-l,3-dimethoxy-5-propenylbenzene. 

There are some crystal structures in which further symmetries are present in addition to those prescribed by their three-dimensional space groups. The phenomenon is called hypersymmetry [102], Thus, it refers to symmetry features not included in the system of the 230 three-dimensional space groups. For example, phenol molecules, connected by hydrogen bonds, form spirals with threefold screw axes as indicated in Figure 9-55. This screw axis does not extend, however, to the whole crystal, and it does not occur in the three-dimensional space group characterizing the phenol crystal. 

Figure 9-55. The molecules in the phenol crystal are connected by hydrogen bonds and are forming spirals with a threefold screw axis. This symmetry element is not part of the three-dimensional space group of the phenol crystal. After Zorky and Koptsik [103],...

Phenol crystals Phenol crystals Phenol crystals... 

Alcohol is used at different points during preparation to help products solubilize more efficiently in the aqueous solution. Phenol, for example, is more soluble in alcohol than in water. The purer the phenol crystals, the more soluble they are in water. Alcohol also enhances the action of phenol. Water is also used as a solvent for certain products or to modify the concentration of the phenol. 

Direct contact with phenol crystals, concentrated solutions or vapors (45 ppm) causes serious damage to the eyes hyperalgesic chemical conjunctivitis, severe iritis, and possibly corneal opacification with loss of vision and edema of the eyelids. In some cases of poisoning through direct accidental eyelid contact, the seriousness of the injury to the eyelids has required surgery. ... 

Add an equal volume of hot (65°C) phenol and mix thoroughly for 5 min. Rapidly chiU the mixture in an ethanol/dry ice bath until phenol crystals appear. 

Pure phenol crystallizes in long, colorless, prismatic needles, fusible at 35 (95 F.), boiling at 187 (368 .6 F.). It lias a peculiar, well-known odor, and an acrid, burning taste very sparingly soluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol and in ether sp. gr. 1.065 at 18 (64 .4 F.) neutral in reaction. On contact with the slan or with mucous surfaces, it produces a white stain it coc gulates albuminoids, and is a powerful antiseptic. 

Hydrolyzing acid Prepare 100 ml 6 N HCl containing 0.5% (w/v) by diluting 63 ml of a 37% (i.e., about 10 N) HCl with 37 ml double-distilled water. Dissolve 0.5 g phenol in the hydrolyzing acid by carefully stirring up to complete dissolution of the phenol crystals. Store at room temperature. Refresh the solution monthly. 

Each formula was made from available reagents, obviating the need for boibng phenol crystals, and was formulated to ensure consistency and general availability while maintaining the identical percentages of phenol and croton oil as found in the original formulae. Measurements of pH... 

Fill to 8.0 oz total volume with melted loose phenol crystals... 

Do not use solutions directly out of the bottle in which they are stored. In the case of phenol, crystals which adhere to the top of the bottle can cling to your Q-tip producing unintended increases in concentration. 

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