Pesticide glutathione conjugates

Figure 4. Role of glutathione conjugation in dithietane pesticides...

Catabolism of Glutathione Conjugates of Pesticides in Higher Plants... 

D.H. Flutson, Glutathione conjugates in Bound and Conjugated Pesticide Symposium, Series 29, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 103, 1976. 

Table II. Inhibition of Glutathione Conjugation of Pesticides by the Tridiphane Glutathione Conjugate...

Many of the metabolic transformations for pesticide detoxification that occur in plants are also found in prokaryotes, especially co-metabolic transformations. Glutathione conjugation of the chloroacteamide herbicides is observed in many species of gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas sp and various members of the Enterobacteriaceae (57). Most of the degradative steps for FE metabolism in plants (de-esterification to F, and subsequent... 

Fujioka, K., Casida, J.E. (2007). Glutathione S-transferase conjugation of organophosphorus pesticides yelds S-phospho-, S-aryl-, and S-alkylglutathione derivatives. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 20 1211-17. 

Figure 9.7 Schematic representation of herbicide detoxification in a plant cell. Both XH and XZ are herbicides entering the oxidation-glucose conjugation pathway and the glutathione-dependent pathway, respectively. XOH is the hydroxylated herbicide XOGlc, XGS and Xcys are the glucose, GSH and Cysteine conjugates respectively. [Reproduced with permission of the authors from K. Kreuz and E. Martinoia, Herbicide Metabolism in Plants Integrated Pathways of Detoxication, in G. T. Brooks and T. R. Roberts, Eds., Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience, The Food-Environment Challenge, Serial Pub. No. 233, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 277-287.]...

Figure 12.63 provides another example of the diversity of metabolic processes to which pesticides are subjected after application. In the case of the carbamate insecticide carbaryl, the predominant processes are oxidation and hydrolysis, which maybe followed by conjugation of primary metabolites with glutathione. The character of metabolic transformations is closely related to the pesticide selectivity (toxicity) to target and non-target organisms. 

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