Persea americana Mill

Persea americana Mill. var. americana [avocado] (Lauraceae) stem bark decoction is for hypertension and palpitation. The stem bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, saponins, steroids and tannins (77,75). 

Phytochemicals, such as the precocenes, isolated from Ageratum houstonianum [126], interfere with JH biosynthesis. In sensitive insect species, application of these dichromenes to larval instars results in precocious metamorphosis to sterile adults or sterility in adult females following treatment. Pesticides based on these compounds would be useful in the control of insects which are primarily destructive in their immature stages. Other phytochemicals which potentially function as "antijuvenile hormones" include dimethyl sciadinonate, isolated from the leaves of avocado, Persea americana Mill [127, 128], Ingestion of this... 

Fig. 5. Eight highly conserved regions of the primary structure of ACC synthase. Identical amino residue relative to the sequence of CM-ACSl (from Cucurbita maxima) is shown by dot. Eleven resuidues shown to be invariant among ACC synthase and aminotransferase are marked with X. The lysine residue (Box 6) which interacts with pyridoxalphosphate and with AdoMet is marked with. However, tyrosine residue in Box 5 are replaced by phenylalanine in AVO-ACSl (from avocado) and DC-ACSl (from carnation). The numbers between the adjacent boxes show number of residues present. AVO, avocado (Persea americana Mill) MELW, melon (Cucumis melo L.) GAC, geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum). For other abbreviation of source plants, see Table 1.

Avocado (Persea americana Mill) is an important tropical fruit and a good source of lipophilic phytochemicals such as monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamin E and sterols [46]. It has several cultivars that present great variation on time of fruit production and oil content in the pulp. Studies have indicated that the avocado oil is similar to olive oil and can be used in cosmetics and also for human consumption [47, 48]. New Zealand, Mexico, Chile United States and South America are among the main avocado oil producers. Avocado oil has the advantage that can be obtained from the fruit by means of a cold extraction methods, which is an easy and low technology that allow maintain in the oil significant amounts of the bioactive phytochemicals present in the fruit [47]. 

Rodriguez-Carpena, J. G., Morcuende, D., Andrade, M. J., Kylli, R, and Estevez, M. 2011. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59 5625-5635. 

Dvash, L., Afik, O., Shafir, S., Schaffer, A., Yeselson, Y., Dag, A., and Landau, S. 2002. Determination by near-infrared spectroscopy of perseitol used as a marker for the botanical origin of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) honey. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 5283-5287. 

Ortiz Moreno, A., Dorantes, L., Galindez, J., and Guzman, R. I. 2003. Effect of different extraction methods on fatty acids, volatile compounds, and physical and chemical properties of avocado (Persea americana mill.) oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 2216-2221. 

Terrab, A. and Heredia, R J. 2004. Characterisation of avocado (Persea americana Mill) honeys by their physicochemical characteristics. J. Sci. Food Agric. 84 1801-1805. 

Pacetti, D., Boselh, E., Lucci, P, and Frega, N. G. 2007. Simultaneous analysis of gly-cohpids and phospholids molecular species in avocado (Persea americana Mill) fruit. J. Chromatogr. A 1150 241-251. 

Blakey, R. J., Bower, J. P, and Bertling, I. 2009. Influence of water and ABA supply on the ripening pattern of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit and the prediction of water content using near infrared spectroscopy. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 53 72-76. 

Phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant capacity of Persea americana Mill. Peels and seeds of two varieties. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60 4613 619. 

Degenhardt A.G., Hofmann T. Bitter-tasting and kokumi-enhancing molecules in thermally processed avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58 12906-12915 (2010). 

Source Persea americana Mill. (syn. P. gratissima Gaertn. Laurus persea L.) (Family Lauraceae). 

Persea americana Mill. Avocado Fr V uL 15 Adikaram etal. 1992 Oberlies etal. 1998... 

---