Perpetual motion machine of the first kind

Consequence of First Law It is impossible to construct a machine ( perpetual motion machine of the first kind ) that produces useful work in a cyclic process without a compensating change in the surroundings. 

This is a perpetual motion machine of the first kind and violates the first law of thermodynamics. The transfers of energy that occur in this machine will never be able to overcome the frictional losses that are inevitable. The machine will run down. Even if it were possible to make it completely loss-less, it would never be able to produce more energy than was put into it and so at best it would be a curiosity and not a useful or practical machine. Alas even the case of 100% efficiency is impossible. 

Energy is conserved in all transformations. A perpetual motion machine of the first kind is a machine that by its action creates energy by some transformation of a system. The first law of thermodynamics asserts that it is impossible to construct such a machine not that people have not tried No one has ever succeeded, but there have been some famous frauds in this field. 

Are any of the following devices perpetual motion machines of the first or second kinds Which kind are they and why ... 

Q. 10.3 An inventor sends a patent application to the Patent office. In it (s)he claims to have found a chemical compound ensures eternal youth for all who drink it. The patent office rejects it on the basis that the formulation is a perpetual motion machine. Explain why. Did they reject it because it was a perpetual motion machine of the first or second kind ... 

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