Performance polymer electrochromic

Chandrasekhar, E, Zay, B.J., Cai, C., Chai, Y., Lawrence, D., 2014. Matched-dual-polymer electrochromic lenses, using new cathodically coloring conducting polymers, with exceptional performance and incorporated into automated sunglasses. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 131,547-557. 

Gulfldan, D., Sefer, E., Koyuncu, S., Acar, M.H., 2014. Neutral state colorless electrochromic polymer networks Spacer effect on electrochromic performance. Polymer 55,5998-6005. 

Remmele, J., Shen, D.E., Mustonen, T., Fruehauf, N., 2015. High performance and long-term stability in ambiently fabricated segmented soUd-state polymer electrochromic displays. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7,12001-12008. 

To improve performance, many PEDT derivatives used either alone or in combination have been proposed. While the electro-optical properties of WO3 are fixed, the colors and hue of conducting polymers may be altered by modification of the monomers. For example, Reynolds has studied the electrochromic properties of a multitude of EDT derivatives [100,109], and recently reported an all-polymer electrochromic device based on two different PEDT derivatives [110]. Depending on their chemical structure, the various PEDT derivatives exhibit different colors upon switching from the oxidized to the reduced state. For example, poly(tetradecylethylenedioxythiophene) (C14-EDT) is similar in switching to PEDT from transparent to blue, but it has an enhanced optical contrast. 

Dual-type polymer electrochromic devices based on copolymers of 2-benzyl-5,12-dihydro-27f-pyrrolo [3, 4 2,3] [1, 4]dioxocino[6,7-6]quinoxaline (DPOQ) and 5,12-dihydrothieno[3, 4 2,3] [1, 4]dithiocino [6,7- >]quinoxaline (DTTQ) with bithiophene were developed. P (DPOQ-co-BT) and P(DTTQ-co-BT) were used as the anodically coloring and PEDOT as the cathodically coloring electrochromic materials [81]. Each device performed with a favorable switching time, optical contrast, open-circuit memory and stability. 

PENNARUN, P.Y., JANNASCH, p., PAPAEFTHiMiou, s., et al.. High coloration performance of electrochromic devices assembled with electrolytes based on a branched boronate ester polymer and lithium perchlorate salt. Thin Solid Films, 2006,514,258-66. 

The potential benefits of using ionic liquids as electrolytes in conducting polymer devices have been investigated by a number of authors in recent years, for applications such as actuators [8-17], supercapacitors [18-20], electrochromic devices [12, 21] and solar cells [22], with significant improvements in lifetimes and device performance reported. 

This opened-up a number of strategies for the creation of high-performance functional materials whose morphology is controlled on the 10-nm length scale, which Maik used to create materials with unprecedented electrochromic properties, a world-leading supercapacitor, and 3D 10 nm structured conjugated polymer assemblies that cannot be manufactured in any other fashion. 

---