Perfluorination processes, hazardous

Hazardous perfluorination processes with high yields were carried out safely in microreactors, such as the perfluorination of tetrahydrofuran and cyclohexane derivatives [309]. 

Perfluorination of tetrahydrofuran and cyclohexane derivatives can be achieved to give the perfluorinated product in high yield (Scheme 8.6). These hazardous perfluorination processes can be carried out safely in single-channel microreactors with high yields. 

The acute and/or chronic nature of the toxicity of a chemical should be part of any decision-making process about its use or subsequent release. The focus cannot be solely on reduction of acute hazards, which tends to be easily achievable. The majority of cases in which chemicals have been released into the environment, only to cause serious ecological impacts over large spatial scales, were usually identified after many years, and at chronic low-dose exposures, with low acute toxicity to nontarget organisms. The classic examples of DDT and other chlorinated pesticides such as dieldrin and toxaphene, along with PCBs, exemplify the flaws in an approach that focuses on acute hazards, with more recent examples being the perfluorinated... 

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