Peptides, synthesis using aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Nonribosomal peptide synthesis means that the peptide is not produced by the tRNA-mRNA mechanism described in Chapter 28, Section 28.6. Each amino acid found in 224 is directly selected for incorporation into the growing peptide chain by one of the domains of surfactin synthetase, shown with the pendant SH groups. Substrate activation occurs after binding the amino acid, and the enzyme catalyzes the formation of an aminoacyl adenylate intermediate using Mg2+-ATP and release of a cofactor. Subsequently, the amino acid-O-AMP oxoester is converted into a thioester by a nucleophilic attack of the free thiol-bound cofactor of an adjacent PCP domain. (Note that ATP is adenosine triphosphate and AMP is adenosine monophosphate see Chapter 28, Section 28.5.)... 

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