Peptide and protein synthesis

A further important group of derivatives is that of amino acids activated by phosphoric acid or its esters. In nature, phosphorylation processes play an important activating role in peptide and protein synthesis. 

JP Tam, A Yu, A Miao. Orthogonal ligation strategies for peptide and protein synthesis. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 51, 311-332, 1999. 

Synthesis and degradation of cychns Peptide and protein synthesis Protein kinase reactions Mitosis... 

Contemporary methods for peptide and protein synthesis, Aimoto, S. Curr. Org. Chem. 2001, 5, 45-87. 

Kimmerlin T, Seebach D. 100 years of peptide synthesis ligation methods for peptide and protein synthesis with applications to P-peptide assembUes. J. Peptide Res. 2005 65 229-260. 

The steps in the Merrifield solid-phase peptide and protein synthesis attachment of an amino acid to a polymer head followed hy cycles of attachment of other amino acids allows extremely high yield syntheses at each step and acceptable yields for syntheses that exceed 100 amino acid condensations. 

Notwithstanding that the free energy of formation of peptide bonds from free amino acids corresponds to an equilibrium position in dilute solution beyond 99% hydrolysis, a number of authors have inclined to the view that peptide and protein synthesis may be catalyzed by proteases and peptidases. The free energy data indicate that, whether or not this is the case, the synthesis of small peptides from amino acids cannot, under physiological conditions, be a simple mass action reversal of hydrolysis. On the other hand, the condensation of large peptides may be promoted by proteases alone. 

Comparison op the Effects op Inhibitobs on Glutamo-Amide Transper, Peptide and Protein Synthesis, and Amino Acid Incorporation All reactions in vitro... 

The most consistent and most powerful inhibitor of amino acid incorporation and of peptide and protein synthesis is 2,4-dinitrophenol. This is the strongest evidence in favor of the participation of high-energy phosphate bonds, because 2,4-dinitrophenol uncouples many (but not all) oxidation and phosphorylation reactions. " " The coupling of phos-... 

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