Pediatric groups neonates

Penny has been involved with a wide range of clinical studies in children with liver disease. These include several that relate to pharmacokinetics, in both liver disease and after liver transplantation. She has presented her research work and given lectures and workshops at national and international congresses, including the International Pediatric Transplant Association, the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy and the Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group (NPPG) conferences. 

To better understand changes in drug disposition, the pediatric population needs to be categorized into various groups (Table 1) because children vary markedly in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of medications. This occurs because neonates, infants, children, adolescents, and adults have different body compositions (i.e., as to their percentages of body water and fat) and have their body organs in different stages of development. 

Finer NN, Vohr BR, Robertson CMT, Ehrenkranz RA, Verter J, Wright LL, Hoffman HJ, Walsh-Sukys MC, Dusick AM, Fleisher BE, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide in term and near-term infants neurodevelopmental follow-up of the neonatal inhaled nitric oxide study group (NINOS). J Pediatr 2000 136(5) 611-17. 

Annand KHS and International Evidenced Based Group for Neonatal Pai n. Consensus statement for the prevention and management of pain in the newborn. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001 155 173—180. 

Herring E, Gefeller O, Land M, et al. Surfactant treatment of neonates with respiratory failure and group B streptococcal infection. Members of the Collaborative European Multicenter Study Group. Pediatrics 2000 106 957-964. 

Barton LL, Villar RG, Rice SA. Neonatal group B streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis. Pediatrics 1996 98 459-461. 

Bailey LL, Nehlsen-Canarella SL, Consepcion W et al (1985) Baboon-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate. J Am Med Assoc 254 3321-3329 Bailey LL, Gundry SR, Razzouk AJ et al (1993) Bless the babies one hundred fifteen late survivors of heart transplantation during the first year of life. The Loma Linda University Pediatric Heart Transplant Group. JThorac Cardiovasc Surg 105 805-814... 

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