Pauly cartridges

The earliest example of a fully self-contained cartridge was produced by Swiss engineer Jean Samuel Pauly in 1808. This cartridge was loaded directly into the breech of a firearm, which was also developed by Pauly, and was fired by a needle piercing it. 

An improved form of the cartridge was patented by Pauly in 1812. It consisted of a paper body rolled around the front portion of a rimmed brass base piece, the base of which had a central recess to contain the primer powder, which was sealed with a small piece of gummed paper to retain it in position and protect it from moisture.25... 

Centerfire cartridges were produced by Pauly in 1808 but it was not until 1854 that the firm of Smith Wesson perfected and patented both the centerfire and rimfire metallic cartridge case. Since this time cartridge development has consisted of many small improvements, some resulting from advances in... 

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