Particles triangles

Fig. 10 Rate constant app as function of the surface area S of metal nanoparticles normalized to the unit volume of the system squares SPB-Ag composite particles, circles microgel-Ag composite particles, triangles microgel-Pd composite particles, and diamonds SPB-Pt composite particles [72]. T = 20°C, [4-nitrophenol] = O.lmmolL-1, [NaBPLj] = lOmmolL-1 [24]...

Figure 11.10 Dependence of the reduced initial deposition rate (fec/ c) the apparent zeta potential of surfaces covered by PAH (circles) or positively charged latex particles (triangles) used as centers [29]. The solid line labeled 1 denotes the theoretical results calculated from the DLVO theo. Solid lines 3 and 4 were calculated from Equation 11.22 with the coupling constant 7f= 5.48 X 10 and the number of macro-ions...

Figure C2.6.9. Phase diagram of charged colloidal particles. The solid lines are predictions by Robbins et al [85]. Fluid phase (open circles), fee crystal (solid circles) and bee crystal (triangles). is tire interaction energy at tire...

At equilibrium, in order to achieve equality of chemical potentials, not only tire colloid but also tire polymer concentrations in tire different phases are different. We focus here on a theory tliat allows for tliis polymer partitioning [99]. Predictions for two polymer/colloid size ratios are shown in figure C2.6.10. A liquid phase is predicted to occur only when tire range of attractions is not too small compared to tire particle size, 5/a > 0.3. Under tliese conditions a phase behaviour is obtained tliat is similar to tliat of simple liquids, such as argon. Because of tire polymer partitioning, however, tliere is a tliree-phase triangle (ratlier tlian a triple point). For smaller polymer (narrower attractions), tire gas-liquid transition becomes metastable witli respect to tire fluid-crystal transition. These predictions were confinned experimentally [100]. The phase boundaries were predicted semi-quantitatively. 

Figure 4-128. Typical velocity triangles for different size particles.

Fig. 10-8. Single particle scattering to mass ratio for particles of four different compositions. Carbon particles are also very efficient absorbers of light. Source U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Protecting Visibility," EPA-450/5-79-008, Office of Air Quality Planning Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1979.

Johnstone (2000) emphasises the importance of beginning with the macro and symbolic levels (Fig. 8.3) because both comers of the triangle are vistrahsable and can be made concrete with models (p. 12). The strb-micro level, by far the most difficult (Nelson, 2002), is described by the atomic theory of matter, in terms of particles such as electrorrs, atoms and molecules. It is commorrly referred to as the molecular level. Johnstone (2000) describes this level simirltaneorrsly as the strength and weakness of the subject of cherrristry it provides strength through the intellectual basis for chemical explanatiorrs, but it also presents a weakness when novice students try to learn and rmderstand it. 

FIG. 4 Nomialized concentration distribution of a 0.1 molar 1 1 electrolyte in an uncharged cylindrical pore of radius five times the diameter of the ions. The dashed line, solid up-triangles, and solid down-triangles are the neutral solvent particles, cations, and anions, respectively, in an SPM model with 0.3 solvent packing fraction. The open symbols are for the cations and anions in the RPM model. 

FIG. 4 Particle profile at the interface between an aqueous solution (open triangles) and a PVC-based membrane (full squares). Data taken from [9],... 

Figure 3. Distribution coefficient (Ka) versus particle concentration for Th. Note that, for typical open-ocean particle concentrations, Th is about lO times more likely to adhere to a mass of particles than to remain in the same mass of water. This tendency to be found in the particulate phase decreases with particle concentration, probably due to the presence of a larger number of colloids which, because they pass through filters, appear to be in the dissolved phase (Honeyman et al. 1988). Grey squares are " Th data from Honeyman et al. (1988) gray triangles are " Th data from the continental shelf from McKee et al. (1986) and black circles are a compilation of open ocean °Th data from Henderson et al. (1999a).

Fig. 10.12. Vapor-liquid phase behavior for the Lennard-Jones fluid. Solid triangles and hollow squares indicate the results of the particle addition/deletion and volume scaling variants of the flat-histogram simulation using the Wang-Landau algorithm. Crosses are from a histogram reweighting study based on grand-canonical measurements at seven state points. The solid line is from Lotfi, et al. [76], Reprinted figure with permission from [75]. 2002 by the American Physical Society...

The above problem has been addressed in (Li et al, 2003), where we have considered a quasi-one dimensional billiard model which consists of two parallel lines and a series of triangular scatterers (see Fig.3). In this geometry, no particle can move between the two reservoirs without suffering elastic collisions with the triangles. Therefore this model is... 

Figure 3. The geometry of the triangle billiard gas channel. Particles move in the region outside the triangular scatterers. The two heat reservoirs at temperatures Tr and Tr are indicated. 

Fig. 10.16 Measurement of different HSV 1 concentrations and detection in serum, (a) Phase change measured for different concentrations of HSV 1 sample solutions in PBS applied in the measuring channel of the YI sensor (filled triangle). Solid line is a linear fit of the experimental data, ip represents the phase change measured for HSV 1 diluted in serum (see Fig. 16b), dashed line indicates the phase detection limit of the sensor, (b) Sensor response due to the binding of HSV 1 diluted in serum. Final concentration of HSV 1 was 105 particles/ml. The total signal is estimated to be A

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