Particle spectroscopy

Colorimetry, in which a sample absorbs visible light, is one example of a spectroscopic method of analysis. At the end of the nineteenth century, spectroscopy was limited to the absorption, emission, and scattering of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared electromagnetic radiation. During the twentieth century, spectroscopy has been extended to include other forms of electromagnetic radiation (photon spectroscopy), such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves, as well as energetic particles (particle spectroscopy), such as electrons and ions. ... 

Nonlinear Optical Properties and Single Particle Spectroscopy of CdTe Quantum Dots... 

Charged particle spectroscopy using the (t,p) reaction has been employed... 

Whereas most magnetic-transport beams are a few m long in order to shield the annihilation gamma detector from the source, this length is notrequired if we are interested in particle spectroscopies, especially if electrostatic transport and focusing is incorporated into the design. Canter [45] has published several papers on positron optics to which the reader is referred. Figure 3.13 shows an example from the author s laboratory. 

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