Particle side mass

Summarizing the considerations on particle side mass transport, slow protein diffusion in porous adsorbents seems to have the same dominant influence on the efficiency of a fluidized bed adsorption as it frequently is the case in a packed bed. Contrary to conventional protein chromatography increasing... 

Overall Resistance With a linear isotherm (R = 1), the overall mass transfer resistance is the sum of intraparticle and extraparticle resistances. Thus, the overall LDF coefficient for use with a particle-side driving force (column 2 in Table 16-12) is ... 

A derivation for particle-phase diffusion accompanied by fluid-side mass transfer has been carried out by Rosen []. Chem. Phy.s., 18,1587 (1950) ibid., 20, 387 (1952) Jnd. Eng. Chem., 46,1590 (1954)] with a limiting form a.t N > 50 of... 

The energy levels of a particle of mass m in a two-dimensional square box of side L are given by... 

Suppose a particle of mass m and energy E coming from the left approaches the potential barrier. According to classical mechanics, if E is less than the barrier height Vq, the particle will be reflected by the barrier it cannot pass through the barrier and appear in region 111. In quantum theory, as we shall see, the particle can penetrate the barrier and appear on the other side. This effect is called tunneling. 

In the case of the polarization insertions the calculations may be simplified by simultaneous consideration of the insertions of both the electron and muon polarization loops [18, 19]. In such an approach one explicitly takes into account internal symmetry of the problem at hand with respect to both particles. So, let us preserve the factor 1/(1 - - m/M) in (9.9), even in calculation of the nonrecoil polarization operator contribution. Then we will obtain an extra factor m /m on the right hand side in (9.12). To facilitate further recoil calculations we could simply declare that the polarization operator contribution with this extra factor m /m is the result of the nonrecoil calculation but there exists a better choice. Insertion in the external photon lines of the polarization loop of a heavy particle with mass M generates correction to HFS suppressed by an extra recoil factor m/M in comparison with the electron loop contribution. Corrections induced by such heavy particles polarization loop insertions clearly should be discussed together with other radiative-recoil... 

The lack of gas-side mass-transfer data at elevated pressure for countercurrent fixed beds packed with large and small solid particles should be underlined. 

The assessment of the role of kf during protein adsorption in a fluidized bed may be performed with the help of a dimensionless transport number. Slater used the correlations provided by Rodrigues to simulate film transport limited adsorption of small ions to fluidized resins [54], In this study dimensionless groups were used to describe the influence of the system parameters particle side transport, liquid dispersion, and fluid side transport. Dispersion was accounted for by the column Peclet number analogous to Bo as introduced above and mass transport from the bulk solution to the resin was summarized in a fluid side transport number NL. 

Summarizing this short discussion it has to be stated, that up to now experiments providing absolute numbers of kf during protein adsorption in fluidized beds are not available, the interpretations are based on correlations derived for small ions. As ion exchange with fluidized resins is performed at much higher Reynolds numbers and mostly is not limited by particle side transport, the validity of the correlations for proteins has to be proven. Nevertheless, the influence of bed expansion at increased linear flow rate cannot be neglected and fluid side mass transport should be considered as a system parameter governing the sorption process in a fluidized bed under certain conditions. 

A deriv on for particle-phase diffusion accompanied by fluid-side mass transfer has been. - r. -----... 

Some Comments on Gas-Side Mass-Transfer Coefficient and Particle-Liquid Mass Transfer... 

Using each particle s mass number, make sure mass number is conserved on each side of the reaction arrow, mass number 230 = X + 4... 

The leak test ( DOP test situ test to verify that filters do not leak on inatidlation. The leak test is not a second efficiency test. It is intended to dis> close leaks around the frames and damage to the filter medium. An aerosol of oil particles with mass median diameter of 0.3 pm is used to challenge the filter deteaion Is by aerosol photometry on the downstream side. Standards of integrity are specified as maximum permissable percentages of the upstream concentration of particles that can be recovered downstream of the filler. 

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