Particle arrays formation

Tsvetkova, N.M., Brain, A.P.R., Apostolova, E.G., Williams, W.P. and Quinn, P.J. (1995) Fact(M influencing PS II particle array formation in Arabidopsis chloroplasts and the relaticmship of such arrays to the thmnostability of PS II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1228,201-210. 

The production of fatty acid-capped silver nanoparticles by a heating method has been reported [115]. Heating of the silver salts of fatty acids (tetradecanoic, stearic, and oleic) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 250°C resulted in the formation of 5-20-nm-diameter silver particles. Monolayers of the capped particles were spread from toluene and transferred onto TEM grids. An ordered two-dimensional array of particles was observed. The oleic acid-capped particle arrays had some void regions not present for the other two fatty acids. 

Demers, L. M. Mirkin, C. A., Combinatorial templates generated by dip-pen nanolithography for the formation of two-dimensional particle arrays, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3069-3071... 

PPEs have been around now for more than 20 years, and a number of reviews have appeared dealing with this topic (Table 8.1). PAEs are successful in the solubilization of carbon nanotubes,and in the detection of lectins and bacteria. " Ionic PPEs are used in the presence of cationic gold nanoparticles. The formed PPE-particle constructs are nonfluorescent, as the cationic gold nanoparticles strongly quench the emission of PPEs. These constructs detect proteins, cell states, bacteria and other analytes through the disruption of the complexes under turn on of the fluorescence and its quantification. A review about this topic has appeared. However, even a collection of chemically different, water-soluble PPEs in an array format is able to discern different proteins quite well even without the presence of gold nanoparticles. PPEs are now applied in a wide array of different electronic and sensory applications. In the next parts of this review we will cover how to make PPEs and look into significant experimental details of how to produce them. 

Production of net-shape siUca (qv) components serves as an example of sol—gel processing methods. A siUca gel may be formed by network growth from an array of discrete coUoidal particles (method 1) or by formation of an intercoimected three-dimensional network by the simultaneous hydrolysis and polycondensation of a chemical precursor (methods 2 and 3). When the pore Hquid is removed as a gas phase from the intercoimected soHd gel network under supercritical conditions (critical-point drying, method 2), the soHd network does not coUapse and a low density aerogel is produced. Aerogels can have pore volumes as large as 98% and densities as low as 80 kg/m (12,19). 

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