Particle alignment

Other Factors Affecting the Viscosity of Dispersions. Factors other than concentration affect the viscosity of dispersions. A dispersion of nonspherical particles tends to be more viscous than predicted if the Brownian motion is great enough to maintain a random orientation of the particles. However, at low temperatures or high solvent viscosities, the Brownian motion is small and the particle alignment in flow (streamlining) results in unexpectedly lower viscosities. This is a form of shear thinning. 

Fig. 9. Photograph of a dispersion of particles in a gel. The dark parts represent the particles aligned uniaxially...

M. Abe, A. Yamamoto, M. Orita, T. Ohkubo, H. Sakai, and Z. Momozawa, Control of particle alignment in water by an alternating electric field, Langmuir 20, 7021-7026 (2004). 

Linear polarization peaking in the visible Asymmetric particles aligned in galactic magnetic fields... 

Undoubtedly other factors may promote pseudoplastic behavior. For example, a decrease in size of swollen, solvated, or even entangled molecules or particles may occur under the influence of shearing stresses, to give the same changes in fluid behavior as in particle alignment. 

Metallic pigments have a higher specific surface area (up to 60 m2/g) and a higher saturation magnetization than oxidic magnetic pigments. Their capacity for particle alignment corresponds to that of the oxides (see Section 5.1.1, Table 36). 

Anisotropic particles align with the flow streamlines to reduce their hydrodynamic cross-section. 

Fig.4. Illustration of aligned 24 and 30 states in the (f7/2 9/2)6 (il3/2)2 N=90 configuration with all spin vectors of the valence particles aligned in the 30 state while one f7/2 neutron is "anti-aligned" in the 24 state. Combined with the lfJhn/2) Z=68 16 state it becomes possible to form aligned 46 and 40 states in l58Er. Thus, not considering band-mixing, an "yrast line" according to the thick dashed line results.

Fig. 2. Particle alignment vs Ru level scheme agrees with recent...

Fig. 4. Particle alignment vs rotational frequency for the 7rg9/2 band ln 103r 1 assuming a change in signature splitting.

DC electro-osmosis. AC electro-seismic. Particle alignment. Asymmetric AC-fleld and particle drift. Chemo-osmosis. Thermal consohdation - Desiccation shrinkage. DC electro-osmosis. AC electro-seismic. 

The thermal expansion coefficient was measured in two directions - perpendicular to the molding direction and parallel to the extruding direction, and thus parallel to the coke particle alignment, Test pieces were obtained on cylinders of 5 mm dia, and 50 mm length cut from rod after heating. 

The puffing characteristic was measured in the direction parallel to the molding direction, and thus perpendicular to the coke particle alignment. Baked test pieces (1 inch dia, and 1 inch length) were used for the puffing test in the heat treatment ranging from 100°C to 2,800°C. 

Experimentally, a colloidal system, in random orientation, is illuminated with polarized light. The system is subjected to an electric field that aligns the particles due to the interaction between the field and any permanent dipole or electrical polarizability of the particles. The birefringence grows as the particles align when the field is removed the birefringence decays as the particles revert to random orientation. 

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