Parent hydrides unsaturated compounds

General. Continuous-chain alkanes are the sole parent hydrides for all compounds, the skeleton of which is composed of chains. Cyclic parent hydrides are more diverse. In nomenclature, they are classified according to their structure as carbo-cycles (composed of carbon atoms only) and heterocycles (composed of carbon atoms and other atoms, such as N, O and Si). They are also classified as saturated and unsaturated. Saturated cycles have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to every skeletal atom, as judged by a prespecified valence unsaturated cycles have fewer hydrogen atoms and multiple bonds between pairs of atoms. 

The first four structures are parent hydrides, but not the unsaturated compound (see remarks in Section IR-6.2.2.3). 

The thioenol ethers are stable towards base and lithium aluminium hydride -but are reconverted to the parent compound on dilute acid hydrolysis. Raney nickel desulphurization can be used to form the diene . Hydrogen peroxide oxidation will convert the acid-labile thioenol ether to an acid-stable sulphoxidoenol ether . The sulphoxidoenol ether may be desulphurized with Raney nickel to the diene, or with lithium aluminium hydride reconverted to the thioenol ether for hydrolysis to the (x,j3-unsaturated ketone . These reactions are depicted in equation (80). 

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