Parathyroid Dysfunction

Rifai MA, Moles JK, Harrington DP. Lithium-induced hypercalcemia and parathyroid dysfunction. Psychosomatics 2001 42(4) 359-61. 

Infectious Post-encephalitic Metabolic Parathyroid dysfunction Toxin Mn, CO, MPTP, cyanide Trauma Tumor... 

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is characterized by end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone (98,108). This disease takes various forms, including Albright s hereditary osteodystrophy, which has unusual physical features and a generalized resistance to G-protein-linked hormones that function through cAMP as a second messenger. This defect is associated with a deficiency in the levels of the a-subunit of (109). Because this defect may be generalized, such patients also have olfactory dysfunction (110). 

Symptomatic hypocalcemia commonly occurs because of parathyroid gland dysfunction secondary to surgical procedures involving the thyroid, parathyroid, and neck. 

Valeur N, Andersen RS. Lithium induceret parathyreoi-deahormon dysfunktion. [Lithium induced dysfunction of the parathyroid hormone.] Ugeskr Laeger 2002 164(5) 639 10. 

Q13 Magnesium is a major intracellular cation which acts as a co-factor in many intracellular enzyme reactions. Plasma concentration is normally 2 mg dl-1. This ion is abundant in the diet, and hypomagnesaemia is relatively uncommon, unless there is malabsorption or excessive loss via the kidney. However, when present, hypomagnesaemia can lead to hypoparathyroidism. Adjustment to the levels of magnesium can shift the function of the parathyroid glands back to normal. Chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, malabsorption, renal tubular dysfunction and excessive use of diuretics, such as loop and thiazide diuretics, may lead to hypomagnesaemia. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency include depression, confusion, muscle weakness and sometimes convulsions. 

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