Paramagnetic world

CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS WITHIN THE PARAMAGNETIC WORLD INVESTIGATED BY PHOTO-CIDNP... 

This chapter is concerned with chemical reactions that occur while the system is still in the paramagnetic world. After an explanation of the radical pair mechanism and a brief treatment of experimental details, three case studies are presented that illustrate the application of CIDNP to transformations of radicals into other radicals and to interconversions of biradicals. 

Nickel is a malleable, ductile, tenacious, slightly magnetic, silvery white metal, which conducts heat and electricity fairly well. It is ferromagnetic at ordinary temperatures but becomes paramagnetic at elevated temperatures. Nickel is closely related in chemical properties to iron and cobalt. While sulphidic sources of nickel account for the world s major nickel supplies, it may be pointed out that lateritic nickel deposits (which essentially constitute an oxidic source of the metal) are more extensive than the sulphidic sources. 

Kochelaev, B.I. and Yablokov, Y.V. 1995. The Beginning of Paramagnetic Resonance. Singapore World Scientific. 

In the case of surface sites incorporating atoms, the valence states and their eventual variation in the course of the reaction can be studied by spectroscopic methods such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EP.R), XPS, ultra-violet photoelectron (UPS), IR, and near-edge X-ray (XANES) spectroscopies (Near-edge X-ray spectroscopy is abbreviated in some parts of the world, particularly in USA, as NEXASS). 

M. Ikeya New Applications of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Dating, Dosimetry and Microscopy , World Scientific, Singapore (1993). 

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