Parallel reactions mixing line

Note This protocol is focused on mixing effects for the classic competitive-consecutive reaction system. Reaction systems may also include parallel reactions in which A, B, or R are reacting to form unwanted products that are not represented by the consecutive-competitive system as used to derive eq. (13-5). To keep these reactions from making more unwanted products on scale-up, the overall reaction (addition) time may have to be held constant. In this case, the mesomixing issue for the primary reactions, A - - B R and R - - B S, would predict that more S would be formed. These issues may require selection of an alternative reactor, such as an in-line mixer, for successful scale-up. 

Structural Effects and Solvent. The effect of solvent on the equilibrium of Reaction 4 can be first discussed in terms of effects on the susceptibility to substituent effects. The values of pK2, characterizing this equilibrium, are a satisfactorily linear function of the Hammett constants correlation coefficient r (Table VI). The values of reaction constant p are practically independent of the ethanol concentration (Table VI), as was already indicated by the almost constant value of the difference (A) between pK2(H20) and p 2 (mixed solvent) for a given composition of the mixed solvent (Table I). The same situation is indicated for DMSO mixtures (Table II) by the small variations in A for any given solvent composition. In this case, the number of accessible p 2 values was too small to allow a meaningful determination of reaction constants p. The structural dependence for various water-ethanol mixtures is thus represented by a set of parallel lines. The shifts between these lines are given by the differences between the pK2H values (p 2 of Reaction 4 for the unsubstituted benzaldehyde) in the different solvent mixtures. 

Reactions occurring in microfluidic systems have characteristic benefits for polymerization reactions. First, microreactors provide accurate control of the reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction (residence) time and mixing. Second, microfluids based on laminar flow provide precise manipulation. This technology only allows the production of various solid polymeric materials which are synthesized under microfluidic control conditions. Third is ease in parallel operation and on-line processing. This advantage imparts upon the microreactor great potential as a... 

Mixed plants are plants which are individually covered under more than one Part of the Verification Annex related to Article VI. The term covers, for example, a multipurpose plant that manufactures, in the same process line but at different points in time or parallel in several process lines. Schedule 2 and Schedule 3 chemicals (and/or DOCs). However, the term does not relate either to a case where a plant produces a Schedule 3 chemical in a multiple-step reaction involving the production of a DOC in the initial steps, or to a case when, during the production of a Schedule 3 chemical, a low concentration of a Schedule 2 chemical is simultaneously produced (this would be classified as either a Schedule 3 or a Schedule 2 plant depending on the applicable rules for low concentrations). 

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