Parallel-plate separators predicting

Parallel-plate separators isokinetic sample predicting sample train Parametric pumping Particle size measurement Penetration theory... 

We have already discussed confinement effects in the channel flow of colloidal glasses. Such effects are also seen in hard-sphere colloidal crystals sheared between parallel plates. Cohen et al. [103] found that when the plate separation was smaller than 11 particle diameters, commensurability effects became dominant, with the emergence of new crystalline orderings. In particular, the colloids organise into z-buckled" layers which show up in xy slices as one, two or three particle strips separated by fluid bands see Fig. 15. By comparing osmotic pressure and viscous stresses in the different particle configurations, tlie cross-over from buckled to non-buckled states could be accurately predicted. 

Parallel plate mass exchange devices with semi-permeable membranes have been studied in a number of separation techniques including hemodialysis, artificial oxygenation, gas separation, and heavy-metal ion separation C10-18% The accurate prediction of solute separation in these mass exchangers is desirable. For parallel-plate geometry, Grimsrud and Babb C5) and Colton et al. C ) developed series solutions to describe the mass transfer process. Kooljman CB) reviewed the analytical and numerical solutions available in the early 1970 s. Since that time, other... 

Experimental evidence for the existence of the vacuum radiation field has come from observations of the Casimir ect. First predicted by the Dutch physicist H. Casimir in 1948, this is an attractive force between reflective objects in a vacuum. Consider two polished square plates with parallel faces separated by distance L. Standing waves in the gap between the plates must have wavelengths of L 2n where is a positive integer. Because the number of such possible radiation modes is proportional to L, the total energy of the vacuum field decreases when the plates move closer together. The attractive force has been measured for objects of a variety of shapes and found to agree well with predictions [28-30]. 

In 1948 the Dutch physicist H.B.G. Casimir predicted a remarkable effect (Casimir, 1948) two parallel, very closely spaced, flat, uncharged, metallic plates of separation L attract each other in vacuum with a force per area A... 

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