Panic-like behavior

Table III presents selected crises of the 20th century, which ended up representing no health dangers ( fake crisis ). Nevertheless, consumer reactions often exhibited panic-like behaviors, threatening an entire industry (e.g., the U.S. apple industry in the case of the Alar apple scare). Depending on what was done by the institutions to limit the scare, the aftermath was either positive or negative for the industry or type of products involved.

Within the brain, panic disorder has been associated with multiple neurotransmitters, including GABA, serotonin, norepinephrine, and corticotropin-releasing hormone, which is a stress hormone. Several brain areas have also been implicated in the development of panic attacks, because different manipulations in those areas produce or reduce panic-like behaviors in laboratory animals. For example, activating an area of the brain called the dorsomedial hypothalamus produces what looks like a panic attack in rats. Moreover, injecting the stress-associated corticotropin-releasing hormone into the amygdala can increase the sensitivity of rats to other manipulations that produce panic attacks, like lactate injection. 

Paranoid delusions Paranoid ideation Distorted space/time perception Stereotyped behavior Synesthesias Non-specific anxiety Anxious Panic-like attacks Phobias... 

Panic or irrational behavior is likely to be generated during any hydrocarbon emergency. It is the result of unfamiliarity, confusion and fright. Panic affects individuals in different irrational outcomes. Panic may exacerbate the consequences of an explosion or fire incident in relation to the function of or lack of function by the responsible personnel. It has been observed to affect personnel in the following ways ... 

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI s) like Prozac are used to treat many psychiatric disorders ranging from intermittent explosive disorder, to obsessive-compulsive disorder, to major depression and panic disorder (1), even though these disorders differ in their behavioral expression. How does one drug class treat these disparate disorders ... 

Even though a decade and a half has passed since the panic of the mid-1960s, federal regulations and hospital "Human Rights committees continue to block requests to use psychedelics on humans. They are afraid of negative publicity and lawsuits. When Walter Houston Clark inserted a questionnaire addressed to research professionals in Behavior Today and the Newsletter of the Association for Humanistic Psychology, nearly all who replied stated that they would like to do psychedelic research. 

Although anxiety disorders, when untreated, can be the cause of substantial personal suffering, disability, and marital and family disruption, the progress made in the therapeutic area for conditions like panic disorder, OCD, and GAD, among other anxiety disorders, makes these conditions very gratifying to treat. Indeed, the skillful use of psychotherapies—cognitive-behavioral therapies appear to be most effective—and medications can produce dramatic and lasting improvement in many patients. 

Opponents of MCS argue that behavioral and stress-mediated mechanisms control the symptoms. They claim that MCS most likely represents the overlapping of primary psychiatric disorders, misdiagnosed medical disorders, and classical conditioning. One study found significantly increased prevalence of the panic disorder-associated cholecystokinin B receptor allele 7 in subjects with MCS (Binkley et al. 2001). Three opposing interpretations of MCS are that... 

Mania, delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, aggressive behavior, schizophrenic relapse, depression, anxiety See Antidepressants, tricyclic See Benzodiazepines See Amphetamine-like drugs Nightmares, confusion, paranoia, depression, visual hallucinations Depression, suicidal thoughts Hallucinations, paranoia, panic, depression... 

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