P-series fuel

P-series also has many environmental benefits. Emissions from the production and use of P-series are substantially better than those from gasoline. Each unit of P-series fuel emits approx 50% less carbon dioxide, 35% less hydrocarbons, 15% less carbon monoxide than gasohne. It also has 40% less ozone-forming potential. 

MTHF is a biodegradable, renewable biomass-derived, aprotic, and hydrophobic organic solvent, which is nontoxic and nonozone depleting in nature (Sicaire et al., 2014). MTHF is increasingly being used in organometallic, biphasic chemical processes and as a blend in P-Series fuels due to its several imique beneficial properties. Some of the features and benefits of MTHF are listed in Table 10.1. 

Kar, Y., Deveci, H., 2006. Importance of p-series fuels for flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) and alternative fuels. Energy Sources, Part A 28,909-921. 

Kemamine P Series. [Witco/Humko] Fatty acid primary amines emulsifier, flotadon agent, dispersant, intermediate, lubricant used in metalwcnking oils, as fuel oil addidve mold release for plasdcs and mbber... 

Haslam, R.T. and Russell, R.P. 1926. Fuels and their Combustion. McGraw-Hill, New York, Chapter 4. Heredy, L.A. 1981. In Coal Structure, M.L. Gorbaty and K. Ouchi (Eds.). Advances in Chemistry Series No. 192. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, Chapter 12. 

Figure 12.22 SFC-GC analysis of aromatic fraction of a gasoline fuel, (a) SFC trace (b) GC ttace of the aromatic cut. SFC conditions four columns (4.6 mm i.d.) in series (silica, silver-loaded silica, cation-exchange silica, amino-silica) 50 °C 2850 psi CO2 mobile phase at 2.5 niL/min FID detection. GC conditions methyl silicone column (50 m X 0.2 mm i.d.) injector split ratio, 80 1 injector temperature, 250 °C earner gas helium temperature programmed, — 50 °C (8 min) to 320 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min FID detection. Reprinted from Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 5, P. A. Peaden and M. L. Lee, Supercritical fluid chromatography methods and principles , pp. 179-221, 1987, by courtesy of Marcel Dekker Inc.

Paraplex Propallants. A series of JATO proplnts (the PF-series) developed by the Aerojet Engrg Corp, Azusa, Calif using Paraplex P-10 resin-styrene mixt as a fuel ingredient in the amt of approx 26.5%. Other ingredients are AN or K perchlorate, 73.0%, and small amts of t-butyl-hydroperoxide or benzoylperoxide, 0.1 to 0.5% (as a polymerization catalyst) (Ref 2)... 

Probstein R.F. and Hicks R.E., Synthetic Fuels, McGraw-Hill Chemical Engineering Series, 1982, P. 106. 

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells. I. Wilkinson, David P. II. Title. III. Series. 

Paddison, S. J. Paul, R. Zawodzinski, T. A. In Proton Conduct ing Membrane Fuel Cells II Gottesfeld, S., Puller, T. P., Eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings Series Electrochemical Society Pennington, NJ, 1999 Vol. 98-27, p 106. 

S. P. Bapu, ed., Trace Elements in Fuel, Advances in Chemistry, Series 141, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1975. 

I. Babu, S. P. II. American Chemical Society. Division of Fuel Chemistry. III. Series Advances in chemistry series 141. 

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