P-Cresol, in urine

Schaltenbrand WE, Cobum SP. 1985. Determination of phenol and p-cresol in urine. Clin Chem 31 2042-2043. 

Numerous methods for the determination of o-, m-, and p-cresol in urine have appeared in the literature, but none have been standardized. Cresol in urine is often measured to determine exposure to toluene or other aromatic compounds, of which cresol is a metabolite. The analytical methods summarized in Table 6-1 are sufficiently sensitive to detect the individual isomers of cresol at a concentration that may cause concern for human health. Humans normally excrete 16-29 mg of p-cresol daily as a result of the breakdown of tyrosine (Needham et al. 1984), and o-cresol is an indicator of toluene exposure (DeRosa et al. 1987). 

II. Phenol and p-Cresol in Urine Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 35(1) ... 

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