Oxygen supply Bubble free

The optimization of culture parameters and the scale-up of a human hetero-hybridoma in a stirred bioreactor are described in this section. From the viewpoint of scale-up and handling, a stirred bioreactor is chosen as the most practical approach for industrial-scale production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Furthermore, stirred bioreactors are very flexible with regard to the optimization of culture parameters, i.e. oxygen supply (bubble free, air sparging) and culture mode (e.g. batch, fed-batch, chemostat and perfusion). They also give easy access to cell samples at any time of culture, and keep cells homogeneously supplied with nutrients and oxygen. 

Nondispersive phase contacting, with reaction at the phase interface or in the bulk phases dehydrogenations Emulsion-free enzymatic splitting of fats Bubble-free oxygen/ozone supply in wastewater treatment via hollow-fiber membranes... 

Finally measurements [355] should be mentioned, in which a bubble-free supply of oxygen to a fermentation solution (E. coli with 0.74- g total solids/1 at 35,5 C and p = 1 bar) in a chemostat was realized in such a way that up to 50 vol% of the liquid throughput consisted of an emulsion of a perfluoro-hydrocarbon (perfluoro-octylbromide, Foralky Br 8 from Atochem, Lyon, France), which was saturated with oxygen outside the chemostat. By maintaining a oxygen concentration of 1 ppm, 0.17 g 02/(1 X h) could thereby be supplied and 0.23 g carbon dioxide/) 1 x h) was carried away. This corresponded to almost the maximum possible oxygen transfer capacity of the perfluoro-hydrocarbon used. 

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