Oxygen reduction reaction trends

BUzanac BB, Stamenkovic V, Markovic NM (2007) Electrocatalytic trends on IB group metals the oxygen reduction reaction. Z Phys Chem 221 1379... 

Lu Y-C, Gasteiger HA, Shao-Hom Y (2011) Catalytic activity trends of oxygen reduction reaction for nonaqueous Li-Air batteries. J Am Chem Soc 133 19048-19051... 

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are one of the key materials in low-temperature fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMECs). Especially, recent trend in the research and development of low-temperamre fuel cells focuses on PEMFCs for transportation (electric vehicle) applications due to the impact on economy and environment. The most important role of PEMs is to transport protons formed as a product of oxidation reaction of fuels at the anode to the cathode, where oxygen reduction reaction takes place to produce water. In addition to this, there are a number of requirements for PEM materials for the practical fuel cell applications, which include... 

Greeley J, Rossmeisl J, Heilman A, Norskov JK (2007) Theoretical trends in particle size effects for the oxygen reduction reaction. Z Phys Chemie-Int J Res Phys Chem Chem Phys 221(9-10) 1209-1220... 

Figure 5.13. Trends in the oxygen reduction activity as a function of the oxygen hinding energy for U = 0.0, 0.75, and 1.23 V, including and excluding local electric field effects [89]. (Karlberg GS, Rossmeisl J, Norskov JK. Estimations of electric field effects on the oxygen reduction reaction based on the density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007 9(37) 5158-61. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

Suntlvlch J, Shao-Hom Y (2013) Trend in oxygen reduction reaction on transition metal oxide surfaces. ECS Trans 58 715-726... 

Finally, fundamental understanding of the trends for the oxygen reduction reaction in aprotic solvents [174] is very important for the development of advanced catalysts for non-aqueous electrolyte Li/air batteries. 

In a catalytic reaction, all steps do not equally depend on the surface structure. So, for example, the rate of simple desorption processes is often not markedly affected by the structure of the surface. In catalysis, therefore, reactions are classified into "structure sensitive" and "structure insensitive" [5], usually on the basis of the variation of reactivity with particle size. As an example, the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction at platinum (which is of importance for fuel cells) will be mentioned, where a decrease of specific activity with increasing particle size was reported [6,7]. In a theoretical analysis [8], the kinetics was treated on the (111), (10 0), and (211) facets of several transition metals, and the results were combined with simple models for the geometries of catalytic nanoparticles. Thus, the experimentally observed trend could be well reproduced. 

This reaction trend for Cu-ZrOj is consistent with the model proposed earlier (6), that highly dispersed Cu ions are desirable for selective reduction of NO with propene. This model assumes that CuO is not efficient for NO reduction because the Cu ions are too easily reduced and the lattice oxygen are very reactive... 

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