Oxygen reduction reaction energy

Kuttiyiel KA, Sasaki K, Choi Y, Su D, Liu P, Adzic RR. Bimetallic IrNi core platinum monolayer shell electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Energy Environ Sci 2012 5(1) 5297. 

Lai L, Potts J, Zhan D, Wang L, Poh C, Tang C, et al. Exploration of the active center structure of nitrogen-doped graphene-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Energy Environ Sci 2012 5 7936-42. 

Yin S, Cai M, Wang C, Shen PK (2011) Tungstei carbide promoted Pd-Fe as alcohol-tolerant electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. Energy Environ Sd 4 558... 

Shimizu K, Cheng IF, Wang JS, Yen CH, Yoon B, Wai CM. Water-in-supercritical CO2 microemulsion for synthesis of carbon-nanotube-supported Pt electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. Energy Fuels 2008 22 2543-9. 

Zhou, W., Sunarso, J., Chen, Z.-G. et al. (2011) Novel B-site ordered double perovskite Ba2Bio.iSco,2Coi,706- for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction. Energy Environ. Set, 4 (3), 872-875. 

As with the phase diagrams and Pourbaix diagrams, the theoretical standard hydrogen electrode also allows us to calculate the relative energies of intermediates in electrochemical reactions. As an example, we investigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We look at the four proton and electron transfer elementary steps ... 

Wang YX, Balbuena PB. 2005b. Potential energy surface profile of the oxygen reduction reaction on a Pt cluster Adsorption and decomposition of OOH and H2O2. J Chem Theory Comput 1 935-943. 

Anderson and his coworker carried out a series quantum chemistry studies of oxygen reduction reactions.52-57 Anderson and Abu first studied reversible potential and activation energies for uncatalyzed oxygen reduction to water and the reverse oxidation reaction using the MP2/6-31G method. The electrode was modeled by a non-interacting electron donor molecule with a chosen ionization potential (IP). The primary assumption is that when the reactant reaches a point on the reaction path where its electron affinity (EA) matched the donor IP, an electron transfer is initialized. The donor s IP or reactant s EA was related to the electrode potential by,... 

In practice, in all fuel cells that involve the utilization of 02 from air (Section 13.4.5), the oxygen reduction reaction [Eqs. (13.4) and (13.24)] is always rate determining for terrestrial applications. One can seejust how important it is to attempt to develop electrocatalysts for the cathodes of fuel cells on which the enhanced current density is high and Tafel slope is low and the efficiency of energy conversion, therefore, maximal. The direct relation of the mechanism of oxygen reduction and the associated Tafel parameters to the economics of electricity production and transportation is thus clearly seen. 

The need to convert chemical energy to electricity, efficiently and at low temperature, has increased the development of materials with electrocatalytic activity toward multi-electron charge transfer. Reactions of technical relevance are, for example, cathodic processes, such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR),3 13 and anodic processes, such as small organics (R-OH, where R = CH3-3-12 or CH3CH-13-17) and sugars.18-20 These complex electrochemical processes are useful in low-temperature systems such as the direct methanol FC (DMFC) or biofuel cell systems. 

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