Oxygen molecule electron configuration

The shared electrons in the water molecule fill the outer energy shell of both hydrogen and oxygen. The electron configuration of the molecule, including the two shared electrons, is shown in Figure 7.1. 

A biradical is a molecule with two unpaired electrons. The unpaired electrons are usually on different atoms, as depicted in (20). In that biradical, one unpaired electron is on one carbon atom of the chain and the second is on another carbon atom several bonds away. In some cases, though, both electrons are on the same atom. One of the most important examples is the oxygen atom itself. Its electron configuration is He]2s22/ x.22py12pzl and its Lewis symbol is -O. The O atom has two unpaired electrons, and so it can be regarded as a special type of biradical. 

The oxygen atom, with valence electron configuration 2s12px12pv 12p J, has two electrons with unpaired spins (its Lewis symbol is -O-, which we abbreviate to -0-). Two radicals are also produced when the oxygen atom attacks a hydrogen molecule ... 

In writing these configurations for diatomic molecules of second-row elements, we have omitted the electrons from the Is orbitals because they are not part of the valence shells of the atoms. When considering the oxygen molecule, for which the a orbital arising from the combinations of the 2pz orbitals lies lower in energy than the 7r orbitals, we find that the electron configuration is... 

The dipole moments of CO and NO are 0.1 D and 0.166 D. respectively. The oxygen atom is the positive end of the CO dipole, despite the difference in electronegativity coefficients of the two atoms which would imply the opposite conclusion. Consider the electronic configurations of the two molecules, and explain the anomalous properties of the CO molecule. 

The first element, hydrogen, has an Allred Rochow electronegativity coefficient of 2.1, and an electronic configuration Is1. The atom may lose the single electron to become a proton, which exists in aqueous solutions as the hydroxonium ion, H30+(aq), in which the proton is covalently bonded to the oxygen atom of a water molecule. The ion is hydrated, as is discussed extensively in Chapter 2. The reduction of the hydrated proton by an electron forms the reference standard half-reaction for the scale of reduction potentials ... 

Indicate the position of oxygen in Mendeleev s periodic table of the elements, the size of its atom, the electron configurations of the atom and molecule, and its oxidation states. How can the paramagnetic properties of liquid oxygen be explained ... 

Write the electron configuration of a diatomic sulphur molecule and compare it with that of an oxygen molecule. 

The oxygen molecule is paramagnetic with a moment in accord with two unpaired electrons. In molecular orbital terms, the configuration is written... 

Figure 28-7 Representation of electron configuration changes in dissociation of tetramethyldioxacyclobutane, 8, to T-, and S0 2-propanone. Spin-orbit coupling of the nonbonding and the cr-bonding orbital on oxygen (shaded) produces one molecule of ketone in the triplet (7,) state.

Figures 2.3a,b show the model of Bernal and Fowler (1933) for the water molecule. The molecular geometry is well known (Benedict et al 1956) from rotational and vibrational spectra. The oxygen atom has eight electrons, and has the electronic configuration ls22s22p4. Each hydrogen atom has a Is1 electron these electrons are shared with two bonding electrons of oxygen, to constitute the water molecule.

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