Oxygen lance process

Basic oxygen furnaces (BOFs) have largely replaced open hearth furnaces for steelmaking. A water-cooled oxygen lance is used to blow high-purity oxygen into the molten metal bath. This causes violent agitation and rapid oxidation of the carbon, impurities, and some of the iron. The reaction is exothermic, and an entire heat cycle requires only 30-50 min. The atmospheric emissions from the BOF process are listed in Table 30-16. 

Ajax An oxygen steelmaking process in which the oxygen is injected into an open hearth furnace through water-cooled lances. Used at the Appleby-Frodingham steelworks, UK. 

OLP [Oxygene Lance Poudre] A steelmaking process in which powdered lime is blown into the furnace through the oxygen stream in order to combine with the phosphorus. Developed in the late 1950s by rinstitut des Recherches de la Siderurgie. See also LD/AC. 

As an indication of the flexibility of the EAF, it is used in some developing countries for the direct reduction of iron ore by carbon [27.18]. The furnace is charged with iron ore intimately mixed with ground carbon. Quicklime, calcined dolomite and fluorspar are added and an oxygen lance is used to oxidise the impurities much as in the BOS process. The slag is removed and the chemical... 

The URTF employs the dry salt process and therefore optimises the energy required by the melting cycle. Oxy-fuel combustion can also be combined with oxygen lancing. 

Fig. 2.39 Diagram of a URTF with oxygen lancing technology The URTF delivers unique process technology for recycling contaminated metals.

Matte and slag are intimately mixed in the reaction zone above the oxygen lances. They are then allowed to separate in a relatively quiet lance-free zone at the taphole end of the furnace. Gradually the matte droplets settle, S02-rich gas rises, and slag forms a top layer of the melt for tapping from the furnace. The matte is tqiped from the bottom of the furnace and sent to the PS converters immediately. The slag is sent for Cu recovery by solidification/comminution/flotation process. 

The majorization of the 536-16 oxygen lance has a good performance in industnal activities. This kind of phenomenon shows that the ways and processes of numerical simulation in this research are right. 

Brittania A process for removing silver from lead, operated by Brittania Refined Metals in England, using ore from the Mount Isa mine in Australia. After initial concentration by the Parkes process, and removal of the zinc by vacuum distillation, the mixture, which contains silver (70 percent), lead, and some copper is treated in a bottom blown oxygen cupel in which lead and copper are removed by the injection of oxygen through a shielded lance. 

LBE [Lance-bubbling-equilibrium] A steelmaking process in which nitrogen or argon is injected at the base of the furnace and oxygen is introduced at the top. Introduced in the 1970s. See steelmaking. 

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