5-Oxime milbemycin

Ivermectin is the catalytic reduction product of avermectin, a macroHde containing a spiroketal ring system. Two other related antibiotics having significantly different stmctural features and biological properties, moxidectin and milbemycin oxime, were more recentiy introduced into the market. Although these compounds have no antimicrobial activity, they are sometimes referred to as antibiotics because they are derived from fermentation products and have very selective toxicities. They have potent activity against worms or helminths and certain ectoparasites such as mites and ticks. 

Tranquilli, W.J., Paul, A.J. Todd, K.S. (1991) Assessment of toxicosis induced by high-dose administration of milbemycin oxime in Collies. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 52, 1170-1172. 

A few members of the milbemycin family, namely milbemycin-D (15), ne-madectin (16) and milbemycin oxime, called "interceptor" have shown great promise in the treatment of various intestinal and tissue-dwelling nematodes parasitizing dogs and sheep [85-88]. 

In 1990, milbemectin [a mixture of milbemycin A3 (tti) and A4 (0C3)] was launched as an acaricide on tea and eggplant. In the animal health field, milbemycin D was developed for the control of fatal canine heartworm disease, caused by Diwfilaria immitis, and launched in Japan in 1986. A mixture of the oxime derivatives of milbemycin A3 and A4 (milbemycin oxime) is used as a canine parasiticide. 

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