Oximates leveling effect

The effect on oximate reactivity of adding DMSO to an aqueous medium was first investigated by the authors in the 1980s . While in the first study a leveling effect on reactivity was observed when the DMSO content reached ca 50 mol%, in the subsequent study, increasing the DMSO content to 90 mol%, a maximum in the a-effect could be readily discerned, i.e. bell-shaped behavior. ... 

Another factor that needs to be discussed is BBB penetration, which could be addressed by chemical modification of tire reactivator s structure. Examples of this include nonquatemary reactivators and connection of quaternary moiety with lipophilic compounds, which can serve as carriers (e.g., amino acids, steroids, drugs to treat Alzheimer s disease, and saccharides), or the use of special carriers (e.g., nanoparticles and complex systems). However, do we really need to increase oxime levels in the brain If there are higher concentrations of oxime in the brain, its toxicity could be increased. The uncharged reactivators might have great potential, but these effects should be taken into accoxmt and verified. For further details, see Chapter 49. 

Das Gupta, S., Moorthy, M.V., Chowdhri, B.L. and Ghosh, A.K. Effect of thiamine hydrochloride on the blood level of 2-formyl 1-methyl pyridinium oxime chloride (2-PAM.Cl) in rats. 

Sldell, F.R., Groff, W.A., Ellin, R.I. 1969. Blood levels of oxime, excretion rates, and side effects produced by single oral doses of N-methylpyridlnium-2-aldoxime methanesulfonate (P2S) In humans. EATR 4256. 

Blood cholinesterase measurements were made on the 4 subjects that received CD by the percutaneous route. None of these subjects showed any significant decrease In their ChE levels over a 2-week period. No complaints or severe effects reportedly were observed in any of the subjects tested by this route at the doses used. Two of the subjects who received GD by the Intravenous route, although treated with oxime and/or atropine showed significant decrease in the ChE levels, and exhibited the "usual physiological responses from this agent. Weakness and muscle contractions were also... 

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