Oxide nanopowders in flames

High-Rate Production of High-Purity, Nonagglomerated Oxide Nanopowders in Flames... 

CHEN ET AL. Production of Oxide Nanopowders in Flames Table I Chemical Composition of the As-synthesized powder ... 

Marie R, Oljaca M, Vukasinovic B, Hunt AT. Synthesis of oxide nanopowders in nanospray diffusion flames. Mater Manuf Process 2004 19 1143-56. 

Antimony (III) oxide nanopowder (Sb203) [1309-64-4] M 291.5, bulk density 0.5-0.6g/mL It is available in particle size of <250nm (BET). It is used in pairrts, pigmerrts, ertamels, glasses and flame-proofing canvas. It is toxic and should not be irthaled. 

The possibility of using aluminum nitride (AIN) nanopowders as flame retardant additive was studied [25]. Concentration of the nanopowder AIN incorporated in a polyethylene matrix was 0.1 0.25 0.75 1.5 and 3 wt%. The incorporation of 1.5 wt% AIN in a polyethylene matrix caused the significant increase in the temperature of the beginning of oxidation of 33 °C (to 183 °C) in comparison with pure polyethylene (150 °C) and in the onset temperature of the intensive weight loss of 15 °C (to 375 °C) against 360 °C for pure polyethylene. The resulting effect is explained by the influence of nanoparticles on the microstructural characteristics of polyethylene. Nanoparticles are the crystallization centers and participate in the formation of fine-grained structure. 

Similarly to flame-made titanates, the precise control of the stoichiometry and material purity has an influence on the electronic properties of perovskite-type oxides such as LSC, LSCF, and BSCF. While conductivity is comparable with the highest reported in the literature (Figure 4.5), other unique properties are documented for these flame-made compositions. LSC, LSCF, and BSCF from a FSS process feature a pronounced shift of the temperature, at which the maximum conductivity is observed. The FSS process resulted in materials with an exceptional electronic conductivity, which may better match to a SOFC operated at intermediate or low temperatures. For example, LSCF cathodes based on flame-made nanopowders have shown polarization resistances in the range of 0.7 Q. cm at 592 °C [59], which are among the lowest reported for thick film layers of this material stoichiometry. Similar conclusions were drawn with respect to LSC-based cathodes, for which very low overpotentials were documented [60]. 

---