Oxidative Arylations of Hetero arenes

Early examples of the formation of C(sp2)-C(sp2) bonds via oxidative direct C— H bond functionalizations were described by Moritani, Fujiwara and co-workers [114, 115], 

The pioneering studies by Moritani and co-workers set the stage for further applications of palladium-catalyzed C—H bond functionalizations to oxidative C (sp2)-C(sp2) bond-forming processes. Thus, catalyzed oxidative arylations for biaryl syntheses could be accomplished with either stoichiometric [120] or catalytic [121] amounts of palladium complexes. 

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